Articles

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The adjectives a , an and the are usually called Articles . They are really Demonstrative Adjectives .

There are there articles  in English — A , An and The .

An article is placed before a noun . If there us an adjective before a noun , the article is placed before the adjective

ఆగ్లములో ఆర్టికల్స్ మూడు అవి “A , An , The”. వీటిని నామవాచకం ముందు వాడవలెను. ఆ నామవాచకం ముందు విశేషనము ఉన్నట్లేతే కూడా ఆ వెశేషణము ముందు ఆర్టికల్ వాడవలెను. ఇవి రెండు విధాలు , అవి .

There are two types of articles => Definite Article , Indefinite Article.

Definite Article : An article which is used t o refer to a particular person or thing is known as the Definite Article .

The is the definite article

ఏదేని ఒక ఖచ్చితమైన వ్యక్తిని గాని, వస్తువును గాని సూచించనట్లతే దానిని Definite Article అంటాం.

Example : The earth moves around the sun  , The India

Rules of THE Article :

1. Definite article is used before unique things in nature.

ప్రకృతిలో ఏదేని ఒకేఒక్కటి ఉన్నట్లేతే “The” వాడవలేను

Example :  the sun , the earth , the sky , the moon , the world , the south , the west , the east , the , equator

1. The sun rise in the east

2. The earth moves around the sun

3. We covered the north of India

2. Before musical instruments

సంగీత వాయిద్యాల ముందు “The” వాడవలేను

Example : the violin , the sitar , the guitar , the trumpet , the piano

3. Before the proper noun when it is qualified by an adjective .

proper noun ముందు విశేషణం ఉన్నట్లేయితే “The” వాడవలేను

Example : the great Ashoka   ,   the immortal Shakespeare   ,   the wise Solomon   ,   the famous Napoleon

4. Particular persons or things.

ఇక ఖచ్చితమైన వస్తువు లేదా వ్యక్తి ముందు “The” వాడవలేను

Example :

1. The man you met yesterday is may uncle.

2. The lady you saw at the theater is my wife.

5. Persons or things mentioned for second time.

ఒక ఖచ్చితమైన వస్తువు లేదా వ్యక్తి గురించి పుబరావృత్తము చేసినట్లేతే “The” వాడవలేను

Example :

1. I met a girl . The girl is very beautiful.

2. I went to a hotel. The hotel is very great.

6. We need the definite article “THE” with the names of

ఈ క్రింది వాటికి ముందు “The” వాడవలేను

· Rivers — the Ganga , the Yamuna , the Krishna , the Godavari , the Tames

· Seas and oceans — the Red Sea , the Atlantic Ocean , the Missippi , The Pacific Ocean

· Mountain ranges — the Alps , the Himalayas

· Gulfs — the Persian Gulf , the Arabian Gulf

· Holy book —  the Bible , the Ramcharit Manas , the Mahabharata , the Ramayana , the Kuran

· Trains , Ships — the Himgiri Express , the Narayandhri Express

· Newspapers and Magazines — the Hindu , the Eenadu , the Filmfare , the Pioneer , the Times of India

· Well known / Historical buildings — the Gateway of India , the Red Fort , the Taj Mahal , the Charminar

· Countries — the India , the USA , the UK

· The whole families — the Khans , the Kapurs

· Parties — the National Front , the BJP , the Congress

· Historical movements  — the Quit India Movement , the Telangana Movement , the Golden Age , the Independence day

Example :

1. The Ganges considered holy by the Hindus

2. The Himalayas lies to the north of India

3. London is on the Thames

Note : Definite article is not used before the single peak , island , mountain rang

Example :

1. Mount Everest is the biggest peak in the Himalayas

2. I went to Ceylon to known about Tsunami

Note : Definite article is not used before the name of books which preceded by author’s name

1. Valmiki’s Ramayana

2. Homer’s Iliad

7. Before superlative degree

superlative degree  ముందు “The” వాడవలేను

Example : the tallest , the longest , the best , the most , the most beautiful

1. The more I read , the more like

2. The more he reads , the less he grasps

3. The higher you go, the colder it gets

8. Before double comparatives

Example :

1. The more I read , the more I like

2. The more he reads , the less he grasps

3. The higher you go , the colder it gets

9. Definite article is used before adjectives when they are used as nouns

విశేషనములు నామవాచకములుగా వాడినట్లేతే ఆ పడము ముందు “The” వాడవలేను

Example :  the rich (rich people) , the poor (poor people) , the strong (strong people) , the old (old people) ,the young (young people) , the weak (weak people)

· The rich ought to help the poor

· The old disagree with the young

10.        Before the name of the positions when they are particularized

ఒక ఖచ్చితమైన దిశల ముందు “The” వాడవలేను

Example : the top , the bottom , the middle , the front , the back , the center , the inside , the outside , the interior , the front …

· He is sitting in the middle of the room

· The front view of your house beautiful

· The inside of the room is very nice but the outside is not well

11. Before the name of Nationalities , sects , communities

జాతీయత , మతముల ముందు “The” వాడవలేను

Example : the English , the French , the Hindu , the British , the Indians , the Sikhs , the Muslims

12.       Before a singular noun when it represents whole group

ఒక పదమును ఆ వర్గానికి లేదా జాతికి వర్తింపచేసినట్లేతే “The” వాడవలేను

Example :

· The cow is a useful animal

· The dog is faithful to its master

· The lion is the Manchester of India

13.       A Proper noun used as a Common noun

Example :

· Kalidasa is the Shakespeare of India

· Kashmir is the Switzerland to its master

· The lion is the king of animals

14.       “The + Common noun + Proper noun”

Example :

· The river Godavari is in our state

· The novel “Abhignanashakuntalum” is a master piece

· The flower Lotus is loveliest of all

15.        Before the name of Government Departments , Big Business Houses , Banks Industrial concerns …. Etc

వివిధ రకాలైన సంస్ధల ముందు “The” వాడవలేను

Example :

· The Public Library

· The income tax department

· The Indian Bank

· The Bombay Stock Exchange

· The Ministry of Finance

16.        “The + Noun + Of + Noun”

Example :

· The king of Nepal

· The Queen of England

· The P.M of India

17.       We use “the” with the names of districts , provinces or groups of Islands when their names originally happen  to be descriptive nouns

ప్రకృతి సిధ్ధంగా ఏర్పడినటువంటి మరియు ప్రత్యేకత కలిగినటువంటి ప్రదేశముల ముందు “The” వాడవలేను

Example :

· The Punjab (the land of five rivers)

· The Deccan (the south)

· The West Indies

· The United States of America

Omission of Definite Article :

1. No article is use before Proper nouns

Proper nouns ముందు “The” వాడకూడదు

Example :  India , Sree Devi , Tagore , Mother Teresa

2. No article is placed before abstract nouns

abstract nouns ముందు “The” వాడకూడదు

Example : happiness , courage , beauty , love , intelligence , bravery , fear , affection , hope , friendship , wisdom , knowledge , childhood , boyhood , poverty death , life , movement , grammar , beauty , honesty courage

· The knowledge of history

· The beauty of Krnati

· The honesty of political leaders

3. No article is placed before Material Nouns

Material Nouns ముందు “The” వాడకూడదు

Example :  glass , cloth , bread , wood , wine , rice , iron , coffee , wheat , stone , tea , milk , paper , sugar , water , gold , silver …

Note : but an Article is required when they are particularized

· The steel produced at Visakha Steel Plant

· The gold in the bank

· The paper used for printing this book

4. No article should be placed with names of the building if they are meant for primary purpose

ఏ ఉపయోగముకోసం స్థాపించబడ్డాయో అందుకు ఉపయోగించింట్లయితే వాటిముందు “The” వాడకూడదు

Example : school , college , hospital , university . Bed , church , market , office , prison , table , nursing home

· Today is Sunday. Raju is going to church

· I am going to school

Note : but an article is used ,if they are considered as places

· The college is very beautifully constructed

· I went to the hospital to see my friend

· My father will come to the college to meet the principal

5. No article is placed before name of games

ఆటల పోటీల ముందు “The” వాడకూడదు

Example :  cricket , chess , foot ball , tennis

· My brother plays chess in leisure

· Cricket is a popular game in the world

6. No article is placed before the name of relations

బంధుత్వాల పేర్ల ముందు “The” వాడకూడదు

Example :  

· Mother gave birth to me

· Children make every home a happy family

· The girl is an orphan , she has known neither mother’s love , nor father’s love

7. No article is placed before “man , woman , nature & society”

Example :

· Man is mortal

· Woman is not inferior to man

· Nature is the best physician

· Society is created of the welfare of man

8. No article is placed before name of meals

భోజనముల పేర్ల ముందు “The” వాడకూడదు

Example :  

· He invited me to dinner

· I usually have my lunch at twelve

9. No article is placed before name of diseases

వివిధ రకాల వ్యధుల ముందు “The” వాడకూడదు

Example :  Fever , Malaria , Cancer , AIDS , Typhoid

· He us suffering from fever

· AIDS is an incurable disease

10. No article is placed in the following Prepositional phrases

Prepositional phrases లో “The” వాడకూడదు

Example :  at home , on demand , at ease , in hand , at interest , in debt , on earth , above ground , by day , in trouble , by land , at midday , by bight , by river , by steamer , at daybreak , by train , at fault , at sunrise , under ground

11. No article is placed in the following verbal phrases

verbal phrases లో “The” వాడకూడదు

Example :  to catch fire , to send word , to set sail , to take breathe , to give to mind , to give ear , to follow suit , to loss heart , to take to task , to leave home , to give battle , to bring to book , to take offence , to lay siege , to turn tail

12. No article is place before “a rank , title , occupation ….+ noun”

ఒక వ్యక్తి పేరు ముందు అతని హోదా ఉన్నట్లేతే ముందు “The” వాడకూడదు

Example :  Lord Byron , King Akbar , General Malik , Dr.Seth

13. Before a title used in apposition to a proper noun

Example :   Henty , king of England

Repetition of THE Article :

1. When two adjectives qualifying the same noun are connected by “and” the article must be used with the fist adjective

రెండు విశేషనములు ఒక నామవాచకమును వర్ణించినట్లేతే మొదటి వెశేషనము ముందు “The” వాడవలెను

Example :  

· The blue and yellow saree (one saree)

· This is an English and Telugu dictionary (one dictionary)

2. When two adjectives qualify different nouns , the article must be used with each adjective

రెండు విశేషనములు వేరువేరు నామవాచకములను వర్ణించినట్లేతే రెండు నామవాచకముల ముందు “The” వాడవలెను

Example :  

· The first and the second poem (two poems)

· The green and the red saree (two sarees)

· The Telugu and the Tamil language (two languages)

3. When two nouns refers to the same person or things the article is used with the first noun

రెండు నామవాచకములు ఒక వ్యక్తిని లేదా వస్తువును వర్ణించినట్లేతే మొదటి నామవాచకము ముందు “The” వాడవలెను

Example :  

· I met the editor and journalist (one person)

· I interviewed the social worker and school teachers (one person)

4. When two nouns refers to different persons or things , the Artcile must used with each noun

రెండు నామవాచకములు వేరువేరు వ్యక్తులు లేద వస్తువులను వర్ణించినట్లేతే రెండు నామవాచకముల ముందు “The” వాడవలెను

Example :  

· I met the editor and the journalist (two persons)

· I interviewed the social worker and the school teachers (two persons)

Indefinite Article : An article which does not refer to any particular person or thing is known as the Indefinite Article .

A and An are called Indefinite Article

ఏదేని ఒక ఖచ్చితమైన వ్యక్తిని గాని, వస్తువును గాని సూచించనట్లతే దానిని Indefinite Article అంటాం.

Example : a man , a boy , a girl , an apple , an umbrella

Rules of A Article :

1. “A” is used with singular count nouns beginning with a consonant sound .

హల్లు శబ్దం వచ్చునటువంటి ఏకబవచన నామవాచకము ముందు “A”వాడవలేను

Ex : a ball , a pen , a cat , a table , a car

2. “A” is used before words beginning with vowels which have a consonant sound .

అచ్చుతో మొదలై హల్లు శబ్దమ్నిచ్చునటువంటి పదముల ముందు “A”వాడవలేను

Ex : a university , a union , a uniform , a unit , a ewe , a European , a eulogy

3. “A” is used  before words beginning with “y” and “h” which have a consonant sound.

య(Y) , హ(H) ల శబ్దముల ముందు “A”వాడవలేను

Ex : a yellow paper , a year , a yolk , a hotel , a hole , a horse

4. In abbreviations , individual letters beginning with a consonant sound , they take “A” before them.

హల్లు శబ్దం నిచ్చేటటువంటి పదాలకు B,C,D,G,J,K,P,Q,T,V,W,Y,Z ముందు “A”వాడవలేను

Ex : a B.Ed , a Ph.D , a B.A a D.I.G

Rules of AN Article :

1. “AN” is used with singular count nouns beginning with a vowel sound .

అచ్చు శబ్దం వచ్చునటువంటి ఏకవచన నామవాచకము ముందు “AN” వాడవలెను

Ex : an apple , an egg , an ink , an heir , an ass , an umbrella

2.            “AN” is used before words beginning with silent “H”.

“H” తో మొదలై పలకనటువంటి సందర్భములో “AN” వాడవలెను

Ex : an hour , an heir , an honourable , an honorific , an honest

3. In abbreviations , individual letters beginning with vowel sound , they take “AN” before them.

అచ్చు శబ్దం నిచ్చేటటువంటి పదాలకు A,E,F,I,H,L,M,N,O,R,S,X ముందు “AN” వాడవలెను

Ex : an M.P , an S.S.C , an M.A , an R.T.O

Use of Indefinite Article :

1) In the sense of  “one , single , any & every”

ఒకటి, ఏదేని ఒకటి, ప్రతి ఒక్క అను పదాలు వచ్చు సందర్బములో “Indefinite article” వాడవలెను

Examples :

1) He bought a dozen banana

2) He gets Rs200/- a month

3) He sees movies once a weak

2)         Before the name of profession , a trade , a nationality , a class and a religion

వృత్తుల, జాతుల, తెగల ముందు “Indefinite article” వాడవలెను

Examples :

1) He is a doctor

2) She is a Indian

3) He is a Hindu

3)        To convert a proper noun into a common noun

Examples :

1) He is a Gandi

2) She is a mother Teresa

3) He is an Einstein

4) Before some numerical expressions.

a couple , a million , a third , a thousand , a dozen , a lot of , a great number of , a great many , a good deal of , a great deal of  …..

Examples :

1) A million people were present

2) He makes a great deal of efforts

3) A great many of people are waiting here

5)         In the following phrases.

A pity , a pleasure , a noise , a rage , a nuisance , a headache , a toothache , a bad cold m, in a whisper , in a low voice , to be at a loss , a shame , in a loud voice , in a hurry , a sore throat , …..

Examples :

1) The children are making a noise

2) It is a pity that he died so young

3) I am suffering from a headache

6)        Before Mr./Mrs./Miss. + name (when they are unknown)

Examples :

1) A Miss Ravali is waiting for you

2) A Mr. Ravi is available

3) A Miss Priyanka is watching T.V

7)         Before the name of meals when they preceded by an adjective .

భోజనముల పేర్ల ముందు విశేషనము ఉన్నట్లేతే “Indefinite article” వాడవలెను

Examples :

1) I had a nice breakfast this morning

2) We had a grand dinner last night

3) They had a sumptuous feast yesterday

8)         After How / Too / So / As + Adjective + A /AN + Noun .

Examples :

1) I have never seen so charming a girl as she

2) How brilliant an idea it is!

3) He is as brilliant a man as you expect

9) Many + a + Singular noun .

Examples :

1) Many a year has passed

2) Many a man can speak English today

10)       In exclamatory sentence used with Singular Nouns . (ఆశ్చర్యార్ధక వాక్యాలలో)

Examples :

1) What a pretty girl!

2) What a shame!

3) What a pity

4) What a hot day!

5) Such a long queue!

6) What a nuisance!

Omissions of the Indefinite Articles :

1)         Indefinite article is not used before plural nouns .

బహువచన నామవచకముల ముందు వాడకూడదు

Examples :  dogs , girls , boys , books

2) Before uncountable nouns .

లెక్కించుటకు వేలుకాని నామవాచకముల ముందు వాడకూడదు

Examples : advice furniture , knowledge , information , scenery work , luggage , imagery , baggage , machinery , business , baggage ….

Note : but these words may be used with : some , any , a little , a lot of , a piece of , a bit of , an item of

Examples :  some advice , any news , a piece of information

3)         Before Materials Nouns.

Examples :  glass , cloth , bread , wood , wine , rice , iron , coffee , wheat , stone , tea , milk , paper , sugar , water , gold , silver …

1) Gold is a precious metal

2) This doll is made of glass

3) Water is the source of all life

4)         Before the name of meals.

భోజనముల పేర్ల ముందు వాడకూడదు

Examples :  dinner , supper , lunch , breakfast

Note : but an article should be used when they are preceded by an adjective .

Examples :

1) I had a nice breakfast this morning

2) We had a grand dinner last night

3) They had a sumptuous feast yesterday

5)         Before abstract nouns.

Examples :  happiness , pleasure , courage , beauty , love , intelligence , fear , affection , hope , friendship , wisdom , bravery , knowledge , childhood , boyhood , poverty , death , life , wisdom , courage , honesty , beauty , movement , grammar

1) Knowledge is power

2) Wisdom is better than riches

3) Honesty is the best polity

4) Commonsense is a great virtue

6) Before “man , woman , gerund”.

Examples :

1) Man is mortal

2) Women is not inferior to man

3) I like dancing

4) Swimming is a good exercise