Verb

The verb is the life of a sentence. There can be a sentence without subject but there cannot be a sentence without verb.

క్రియ అనునది ఒక వాక్యమునకు ప్రాణం. Subject గానీ, object గానీ లేకుండా sentence ఉండవచ్చు , కానీ verb లేకుండా sentence ఉండదు.

Lexical Verbs :

The verb which indicate action are known as Lexical verbs.

పనిని సూచించే క్రియలను Lexical Verbs అంటాం.

Examples :

He drives his car fast

They talked about cricket

They play chess every day

Grammatical Verbs :

Grammatical verbs are the verbs which indicate time or condition

సమయాన్ని లేదా సూచించే క్రియలను Grammatical Verbs అంటాం.

Examples :

She is a very good girl

They are in the garden

I was very happy last year

Depending on the effect of the verb on some other object, verbs are divided into two types. They are

ఒక పని యొక్క ప్రభావం ఇతరుల మీద పడుతుందా, లేదా అనే దానిని బట్టి verbs ను రెండు రకాలుగా విభజించడం జరిగినది.

1. Transitive verb

2. Intransitive verb

Transitive verb : is a verb the effect of which passes on to other objects

ఏ క్రియ యొక్క ప్రభావమైతే ఇతర objects మీద పడుతుందో ఆ verb ను Transitive verb అంటాం.

Examples :

I ate a mango

They drank coca cola

We broke the piece of chalk

Intransitive verb : is a verb the effect of which does not pass on to other objects

ఒక క్రియ ప్రభావం ఇతర objects మీద పడకిండ ఉంటే దానిని Intransitive verb అంటాం.

Examples :

They came here on foot

He ran into the garden

I became a doctor in 1997

Note :

Transitive verbs have objective  (పని ప్రభావాన్ని స్వీజకరించేది)

Intransitive verb  have no objects (వీటి ప్రభావం వేరే వాటి మీద పడదు)

Transitive verbs  have only  passive voice (వీటికి passive voice మాత్రమే ఉంటుంది)

[ come , go , lie , die , fall , sleep , walk , run , become are all called Intransitive verbs ]

The verbs depending on their use in continuous form are divided into two types . They are

Continuous form లో ఒక verb ఉపయోగపడుతుందా, లేదా అనే దాని ఆధారంగా verbని రెండు రకాలుగా వర్గీకరించడం జరిగినది. అవి

1. Dynamic Verbs

2. Stative Verbs

Dynamic verbs : are the verbs which can be used us continuous form

Continuous form లో ఉపయోగించడానికి వీలుపడే verb లను Dynamic verbs అంటాం.

Examples :

They are playing in the garden

She is repairing watches

We are cutting vegetables

Stative verbs : The verbs which cannot be used in continuous form are called stative verbs

Continuous form లో ఉపయోగించలేని verb ని Stative verbs అంటాం.

Examples :

I believe you now

They want to see you now

He likes good books now

The verbs are divided into two types depending on the way the other forms are formed  form the base form. They are

1. Regular verbs

2. Irregular verbs

Regular verbs : are the verbs which form their past and past participle forms by adding “ed” to their base form , that us the present or infinitive form.

Present or infinitive form లి చివర “–ed” ని కలపడం ద్వారా past మరియు past participle forms ని ఏర్పరిచే verbs ని Regular verbs అంటాం.

Following are some Regular verbs :

Irregular verbs : The verbs which form their past and past participle forms in different ways are called “Irregular verbs”.

These are formed in three ways. They are

Past and past participle forms ని వేర్వేరు విధములుగా ఏర్పరచే verbలను Irregular verbs అంటాం. వీటిని మూడు విధాలుగా ఏర్పరచబడాయి. అవి

All Three Forms Same :

Infinitive / Present	Past	Past Participle
Bet	Bet	Bet
Burst	Burst	Burst
Cast	Cast	Cast
Cut	Cut	Cut
Hit	Hit	Hit
Hurt	Hurt	Hurt
Let	Let	Let
Put	Put	Put

 

Two Forms Same :

Three Forms Different :

Auxiliary Verbs :

Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs. In most of the cases they come with action verbs and help us decide the tense of the sentence.

Auxiliary verbs ని helping verbs అని కూడా అంటాం. ఇవి చాలా సందర్భాలలో action verb తో వచ్చి అవి ఏ tense లోఉన్నాయో నిర్ణయించడానికి తోడ్పడుతాయి. అందుకే వీటిని helping verbs అని అంటాం.

Auxiliary verbs can be divided into two types :

1. Primary Auxiliary Verbs

2. Model Auxiliary Verbs

Primary Auxiliary Verbs : are divided into three types .

a) be forms                                         b) have forms                          c) do forms

Be Forms :

Is , Am , Are , Was , Were be and been are the “be forms”

Is , Am , Are are used in simple present and present continuous

*  “I” is used with 3rd person singulars only

*  “Am” is used with “I”

*  “Are” is used with “you” and the plurals

IS	He / She / It / Singular nouns
Am	I
Are	You / We / They / Plural nouns

“Was” , “Were” are used in simple past and past continuous

*  Was is used with singulars

*  Were is used with you and the plurals

Was	I / He / She / It / Singular nouns
Were	We / You / They / Plural nouns

 

These “be forms” are also used as ordinary main verbs in some cases . As ordinary verbs , they can be used the following way :

1) To introduce a person or a thing or an object

ఒక వ్యక్తి లేదా విషయాన్ని పరిచయం చేయుటకు “be forms” ని ఉపయోగిస్తాం.

Examples :

This is Mr. Ravi

They is Miss. Priyanka

I am Mr. Ram

2) To describe a person or an object

ఒక వ్యక్తి లేదా విషయాన్ని వర్ణించుటకు “be forms” ని ఉపయోగిస్తాం.

Examples :

She is a student

He is very clever

I am a doctor

They are friends

He is very fat

3) To denote a present position

ఒక స్థితిని సూచించుటకు “be forms”ని ఉపయోగిస్తాం.

4)        To denote age , size and weight

వయస్సును , పరిమాణమును మరియు బరువును సూచించుటకు “be forms” నుపయోగిస్తాం.

Examples :

I am thirty two years old

They are very fast

I am 164 cms tall

Have Forms :

Has , have , had are used to show possession or ownership

Has and have are used in present perfect and present perfect continuous

Had is used in past perfect and past perfect continuous

Has is used with third person singulars where as have is used with , I , you and plurals

Has	He / She / It / Singular nouns
Have	I / We / You / They / Plural Nouns

 

Infinitive / Present	Past	Past Participle
Abide	Abode	Abode
Beat	Beat	Beaten
Become	Became	Become
Behold	Beheld	Beheld
Bend	Bent	Bent
Bleed	Bled	Bled
Breed	Bred	Bred
Bring	Brought	Brought
Build	Built	Built
Burn	Burnt / Burned	Burnt / Burned
Buy	Bought	Bought
Catch	Caught	Caught
Come	Came	Come
Creep	Crept	Crept
Cling	Clung	Clung
Dig	Dug	Dug
Dream	Dreamt	Dreamt
Feed	Fed	Fed
Feel	Felt	Felt
Fight	Fought	Fought
Find	Found	Found
Fling	Flung	Flung
Flee	Fled	Fled
Get	Got	Got
Grind	Ground	Ground
Hang	Hung / Hanged	Hung / Hanged
Have	Had	Had
Hear	Heard	Heard
Hold	Held	Held
Keep	Kept	Kept
Kneel	Knelt	Knelt
Lay	Laid	Laid
Lead	Led	Led
Learn	Learned / Learnt	Learned / Learnt
Leap	Leaped / Leapt	Leaped / Leapt

Infinitive / Present	Past	Past Participle
Put	Put	Put
Read	Read	Read
Rid	Rid	Rid
Set	Set	Set
Shut	Shut	Shut
Split	Split	Split
Spread	Spread	Spread
Spit	Spit	Spit

Infinitive / Present	Past	Past Participle
Leave	Left	Left
Lend	Lent	Lent
Light	Lit	Lit
Lose	Lost	Lost
Make	Made	Made
Mean	Meant	Meant
Meet	Met	Met
Pay	Paid	Paid
Run	Ran	Run
Say	Said	Said
Sell	Sold	Sold
Send	Sent	Sent
Shine	Shone	Shone
Shoot	Shot	Shot
Sit	Sat	Sat
Sleep	Slept	Slept
Smell	Smelt / Smelled	Smelt / Smelled
Spell	Spelt	Spelt
Spend	Spent	Spent
Spill	Spilt / Spilled	Spilt / Spilled
Spit	Spat	Spat
Spoil	Spoilt / spoiled	Spoilt / spoiled
Stand	Stood	Stood
Stick	Stuck	Stuck
Strike	Struck	Struck
Sting	Stung	Stung
Sweep	Swept	Swept
Swing	Swung	Swung
Teach	Taught	Taught
Tell	Told	Told
Think	Thought	Thought
Understand	Understood	Understood
Win	Won	Won
Wind	Wound	wound

Infinitive / Present	Past	Past Participle
Abandon	abandoned	abandoned
Abolish	Abolished	Abolished
Abscond	Absconded	Absconded
Absorb	Absorbed	Absorbed
Abstain	Abstained	Abstained
Accept	Accepted	Accepted
Adapt	Adapted	Adapted
Bark	Barked	Barked
Banish	Banished	Banished
Bewilder	Bewildered	Bewildered
Block	Blocked	Blocked
Darken	Darkened	Darkened
Dash	Dashed	Dashed
Decay	Decayed	Decayed
Deem	Deemed	Deemed
Earn	Earned	Earned
Edit	Edited	Edited
Eject	Ejected	Ejected
Enter	Entered	Entered
End	Ended	Ended
Fail	Failed	Failed
Faint	Fainted	Fainted
Follow	Followed	Followed
Fill	Filled	Filled
Filter	Filtered	Filtered
Finish	Finished	Finished

Infinitive / Present	Past	Past Participle
Flash	Flashed	Flashed
Fold	Folded	Folded
Form	Formed	Formed
Heat	Heated	Heated
Hunt	Hunted	Hunted
Hang	Hanged	Hanged
Kick	Kicked	Kicked
Kill	Killed	Killed
Kiss	Kissed	Kissed
Knock	Knocked	Knocked
Lack	Lacked	Lacked
Land	Landed	Landed
Lick	Licked	Licked
Limit	Limited	Limited
Link	Linked	Linked
Laugh	Laughed	Laughed
Pick	Picked	Picked
Pack	Packed	Packed
Pour	Poured	Poured
Reach	Reached	Reached
Remark	Remarked	Remarked
Rent	Rented	Rented
Sound	Sounded	Sounded
Soak	Soaked	Soaked
Talk	Talked	Talked
Walk	Walked	Walked

 

Infinitive / Present	Past	Past Participle
Arise	Arose	Arisen
Be	Was / Were	Been
Bear	Bore	Born / Borne
Begin	Began	Begun
Beget	Begot	Begotten
Bite	Bit	Bitten
Blow	Blew	Blown
Break	Broke	Broken
Choose	Chose	Chosen
Do	Did	Done
Draw	Drew	Drawn
Drink	Drank	Drunk
Drive	Drove	Driven
Eat	Ate	Eaten
Fall	Fell	Fallen
Fly	Flew	Flown
Forbid	Forbade	Forbidden
Forget	Forgot	Forgotten
Forgive	Forgave	Forgiven
Freeze	Froze	Frozen
Give	Gave	Given
Grow	Grew	Given
Go	Went	Gone
Hide	Hid	Hidden
Know	Knew	Known

                    

Infinitive / Present	Past	Past Participle
Lie	Lay	Lain
Mistake	Mistook	Mistaken
Ride	Rode	Ridden
Ring	Rang	Rung
Rise	Rose	Risen
See	Saw	Seen
Shake	Shook	Shaken
Sew	Sewed	Sewn / Sewed
Show	Showed	Shown
Shrink	Shrank	Shrunk
Sing	Sang	Sung
Sink	Sank	Sunk
Speak	Spoke	Spoken
Spring	Sprang	Sprung
Steal	Stole	Stolen
Swear	Swore	Sworn
Swim	Swam	Swum
Take	Took	Taken
Tear	Tore	Torn
Throw	Threw	Thrown
Wake	Woke	Woken
Wear	Wore	Worn
Write	Wrote	Written
Weave	Wove	Woven